Microsoft word - 11th grade 2nd semester exam study guide.doc

Westhill Institute
2nd Semester Exam Study Guide
Name___________________________________________________________ By signing this document, I affirm that I have neither given nor received help with this examination. Student signature_______________________________________________________________ Outline of Topics -Causes of World War I -troubles in Austria-Hungary and the Balkans -The Russian Empire: reform movements under the czars -The Russian Revolution -Nationalism in the Middle East and Africa -Nationalist movements in India -Nationalism in China -Japan: Industrialism, Imperialism, Militarism Review Questions 1. How did the location of the Ottoman Empire contribute to its power? 2. Why did Ottomans allow local communities a large degree of freedom to practice their own religion and run their own affairs? 3. How do the authors support their contention that the Ottoman Empire declined in power after 1600? 4. What topics from the first semester does this reading refer to? 5. What major problem did Austria and the Ottoman Empire have in common? 6. How do we know Austria’s power was declining? 7. In the previous reading, we saw that the Ottoman Empire had declined in power since the 1600s and was a weakened state by the mid-19th century. How did this create a crisis in Europe? 8. What facts supported Britain’s fear that Russia had ambitions to expand into the Balkans? 9. What does the description of the Balkans as the “powder keg of Europe” imply? 10. The long-term causes of the war involved rivalries, nationalism, militarism, and the alliance system. How did each play a role in causing World War I? 11. The spark that caused the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Explain how this event triggered a war among all of the major powers of Europe. 12. Why did the United States enter the war? 13. What is Remarque’s main message? 14. What values does he express? 15. What would Heinrich von Treitschke think of the early excitement Kreisler saw in Vienna at the start of the war? 16. What does Kreisler reveal about the experiences of World War I? 17. Compare von Treitschke and Kreisler’s statements about the effect of war on the individual. Do they share the same values? Explain. 18. What does it mean to describe World War I with the term total war? 19. What was the effect of World War I on women? 20. What facts show that the Treaty of Versailles harshly punished Germany? 21. How did the war, and the peace settlements, create resentment among different people? 22. Why were reformers in the 19th and early 20th century unhappy with conditions in the Russian Empire? 23. How did the various reformers attempt to change the Russian Empire? How did they pose a threat to the czars’ rule? 24. How did the Russian czars Alexander II, Alexander III, and Nicholas II attempt to hold onto their power and prevent revolution? Evaluate the success of each czar. 25. Why did the czar abdicate in March 1917? 26. Why was the provisional government unsuccessful? 27. Why did the program of the Petrograd Soviet gain widespread popularity? 28. How did the Bolsheviks come to power? 29. How did the Communists exercise power with an authority similar to the absolute power of the czars? 30. What do war communism, the Soviet constitution, and Stalin’s Five-Year Plans reveal about the methods the Communists used to achieve the socialist goals of economic equality and a fair society? 31. Why did Lenin introduce the New Economic Policy (NEP)? 32. What facts show that Communism in the Soviet Union did not achieve the social equality they purportedly sought? 33. How did Trotsky and Stalin differ in their views about what path the Soviet Union should take? 34. What does this history of the Soviet Union reveal about the problems of a command economy? 35. How did Stalin preserve his power as a brutal dictator? 36. How did the forces of nationalism affect Turkey after World War I? 37. What challenges did Reza Khan face in his efforts to achieve his nationalist goals for Iran? 38. How did the decline of the Ottoman Empire’s power create a crisis in Palestine? 39. What evidence from the histories of Egypt, Kenya, and Nigeria shows that nationalism was a growing threat to the British Empire after World War I? 40. What similar problems did the forces of nationalism create for the peoples of Nigeria, Palestine, and Iran? 41. What values does Kemal convey? 42. What is his main message? 44. What arguments does he use to support his position? 46. What criticisms of European imperialism does Kenyatta communicate through his story? 47. What does he see as the goals of African nationalism? 49. How do you think British officials reacted to Kenyatta? 50. What are similarities and differences between African and Turkish nationalism? 51. What difficulties did nationalists face in working toward independence? 52. How do we know nationalism led to tensions between Indians and the imperial power of Great Britain? 53. How did Mohandas Gandhi resist British imperialism in India and promote independence? 54. Why do you think Britain passed the Government of India Act? 55. What other countries had problems similar to the conflict in India between Muslims and Hindus? 56. What evidence shows that the Qing dynasty was weakening in the nineteenth century? 57. How did China avoid being taken over by an imperialist power? 58. How did reformers attempt to modernize China? 59. Why did the Revolution of 1911 fail to lift China out of its weakness? 60. How did Chiang Kai-shek’s Guomindang party and Mao Zedong’s Communists become bitter rivals? 63. Why did the Meiji government in Japan undertake reforms toward modernization? 64. List 5 reforms Japan made in its efforts to modernize. 65. What problem did Japan face by the 1890s in fueling its growing economy? What solution did Japan attempt? 66. How did antidemocratic militarism take hold in Japan?

Source: http://www.westhillinstitute.edu.mx/Guides2010/20thCentury.pdf