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References
Billings Ovulation Method
Published Literature
1. Billings, E.L. Westmore, A. The Billings Method, Anne O’Donovan Pty Ltd,
Melbourne. First published1980. New and Revised Editions 1982-2003
2. Billings, E.L. Billings, J.J. Catarinich, M. The Billings Atlas of the
Ovulation Method, 5th Edition, 1989, Ovulation Method Research &
Reference Centre of Australia, Melbourne. Appendices on: The Cervix,
The Vagina and Fertility, Odeblad, E. The Scientific Basis of the Ovulation
Method. Brown, J.B.
3. Billings, E.L. Billings, J.J. Teaching the Billings Method Part 2. Variations
of the Cycle and Reproductive Health Ovulation Method Research &
Reference Centre of Australia, Melbourne 1997
4. Billings, E.L. Teaching the Billings Method Part 1 Third Edition 2001,
Ovulation Method Research and Reference Centre of Australia.
5. Billings, J.J. The Ovulation Method, Ovulation Method Research &
Reference Centre, Melbourne, 1964. New and Revised Editions 1964-
1983
6. Billings, J.J. The Billings Ovulation Method in China. Ovulation Method
Research & Reference Centre of Australia, Melbourne 2003
7. Brown, J. B. Studies on Human Reproduction, Ovarian Activity and
Fertility and the Billings Ovulation Method, Ovulation Method Research &
Reference Centre of Australia, Melbourne 2002
8. Proceedings of International Conference of Ovulation Method, Ovulation
Method Research and Reference Centre, Melbourne, 1978
Published Articles
9. Billings, E.L. Billings, J.J. Brown, J.B. Burger, H.G. “Symptoms and
Hormonal Changes accompanying Ovulation”. Lancet 1:282-4, 1972
10. Billings, E.L. Study of Pre-Menopausal Women, Report to Workshop of
the Ovulation Method, Sydney, 1973
11. Brown, J.B. “Urinary Excretion of Oestrogen During Pregnancy, Lacation
and the Re-establishment of Menstruation”, Lancet, 1:704, 1956
12. Brown, J.B. Harrisson, P. Smith, M.A. “A Study of Returning Fertility After
Childbirth, During Lactation, by Measurement of Urinary Oestrogen and
Pregnanediol Excretion and Cervical Mucus Production”. J. Biosoc. Sci.
Suppl.9:5, 1985
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Hormone support of Billings Ovulation Method through Ovarian Monitor
13. Brown, J.B. Harrisson, P. Smith, M.A. Burger, H.G. Correlation between
the mucus symptoms and the hormonal markers of fertility throughout
reproductive life. Melbourne Monograph, Ovulation Method Research &
Reference Centre of Australia, 1981.
14. Brown, J.B. Blackwell, L.F. Cox, R. I. Holmes, J. Smith, M.A. Chemical
and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay methods for the measurement
of estrogens and pregnanediol and their glucuronides in urine. Prog. Biol.
Clin. Res. 1988:285: 119-38
15. Brown, J.B. Blackwell, L.F. “Anovulatory Cycles”, Ovarian Monitor
Instruction Manual, 18-20, Dept Obs. & Gyn., University of Melbourne,
Australia, 1989.
16. Brown, J.B. Blackwell, L.F. Holmes, J. Smyth, K. New Assays for
Identifying the Fertile Period. International Journal of Gynecology and
Obstetrics – Supplement 1, 111-28, 1989
17. Brown, J.B., Holmes J. Barker G. Use of the Home Ovarian Monitor in
Pregnancy Avoidance. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
105. 2008-11, 1991
18. Blackwell, L.F. Brown, J.B. Application of Time-series Analysis for the
Recognition of Increases in Urinary Estrogens as Markers for the
Beginning of the Potentially Fertile Period. Steroids 57, 554-62, 1992
19. Blackwell, L.F. Brown, J.B. Cooke, D.G. Definition of the Potentially Fertile
period from Urinary Steroid Excretion Rates. Part II. A Threshold Value
for Pregnanediol Glucudonide as a marker to the end of the Potentially
Fertile Period in the Human Menstrual Cycle. Steroids 63, 5-13, 1998
20. Blackwell, L.F. Brown, J.B. Vigil, P. Gross, B. Sufi, S. d’Argangues, C.
Hormonal Monitoring of Ovarian Activity using the Ovarian Monitor. Part 1.
Validation of Home and Laboratory Results obtained during Ovulatory
Cycles by Comparison with Radio Immunoassay. (A World Health
Organisation Study). Steroids. (In Press)
21. Cavero, C. Using an Ovarian Monitor as an adjunct to Natural Family
Planning. Journal of Nurse Midwifery 40, 269-76. 1995
22. Thornton, S.J. Pepperell, R.J. Brown, J.B. Home monitoring of
gonadotrophin ovulation induction using the Ovarian Monitor. Fertility and
Sterility 1990:54 1076-82
Cervical research in support of Billings Ovulation Method
23. Menarguez, M. Studies on cervical mucus with scanning electron
microscopy, Thesis, Univ. Murcia, Spain 1998
24. Menarguez, M. Pastor, L.M. Odeblad, E. Morphological characterization
of different human cervical mucus types using light and scanning electron
microscopy. Human Reprod., 18(9) 1782-1789 2003
25. Odeblad, E. The Physics of the Cervical Mucus, Acta Obst. Gyn. Scand.
38, Suppl. 1, 44-58, 1959
26. Odeblad, E. Discussion to the Preceeding Paper, Acta Obst. Gyn. Scand.
39, Suppl. 1, 126-127, 1959
27. Odeblad, E. Micro-NMR in high permanent magnetic fields, Acta Obst.
Gyn. Scand. 45, Suppl. 2, 1966
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28. Odeblad, E. Biophysical investigations in oral contraception, Acta Obst.
Gyn. Scand. 47, Suppl 8, 7-19, 1968
29. Odeblad, E. Physical properties of cervical mucus. In Mucus in Health
and Disease. Adv. Med. Biol. 89, 1977, ed. Elstein, M. & Parke, V., p. 217-
225
30. Odeblad, E. In Adv.in Reg. Nat. Fert. Malaga 1994: 88-91
31. Odeblad, E. The Discovery of Different Types of Cervical Mucus and the
Billings Ovulation Method, Bulletin Natural Family Planning Council of
Victoria V.21 (3), 1994
32. Odeblad, E. Cervical Mucus and their Functions, Irish College Physicians
and Surgeons 26: 27, 1997
33. Odeblad, E. Investigations on the Physiological Basis for Fertility
Awareness, Bulletin Natural Family Planning Council of Victoria V. 29 (1)
2-11, 2002
Trials of Billings Ovulation Method
34. Weissman, M.C. Foliaki, J. Billings, E.L. Billings, J.J. “A Trial of the
Ovulation Method of family planning in Tonga”, Lancet, 813-16, 14
October, 1972
35. World Health Organisation, Task Force on Methods for the Determination
of the Fertile Period, Special Programme of Research, Development and
Research Training in Human Reproduction, “Prospective Multicentre Trial
of the Ovulation Method of Natural Family Planning. I. The Teaching
Phase”, Fertility and Sterility, 36, 152, 1981
36. World Health Organisation, “Prospective Multicentre Trial of the Ovulation
Method of Natural Family Planning II. The Effectiveness Phase”, Fertility
and Sterility, 36, 591, 1981
37. World Health Organisation, “Prospective Multicentre Trial of the Ovulation
Method of Natural Family Planning III. Characteristics of the Menstrual
Cycle and of the Fertile Phase”, Fertility and Sterility, 40, 773, 1983
38. World Health Organisation, “Prospective Multicentre Trial of the Ovulation
Method of Natural Family Planning IV. The Outcome of Pregnancy”,
Fertility and Sterility, 41, 593,1984
39. Indian Council of Medical Research, Optimism with Natural Family
Planning for Fertility Regulation in India, Preliminary Report of a Five-state
study of the Billings Ovulation Method in India, 1986 to 1988.
40. Thapa, S. Wonga, M.V. Lampe, P.G. Pietojo, H. Soejoenoes, A. “Efficacy
of Three Variations of Periodic Abstinence for Family Planning in
Indonesia”, Studies in Family Planning, 21: 327-34, 1990.
41. Qian, Shao-Zhen. Zhang, De-Wei. Zuo, Huai-Zhi. Lu, Ren-Kang. Peng,
Lin. He, Chang-Hai. Jiangsu Family Health Institute, China. Evaluation of
the Effectiveness of a Natural Fertility Regulation Programme in China.
Reproduction and Contraception (English Edition) in press 2000.
www.woombinternational.org

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