MARIANNE B. MÜLLER, M.D. CURRICULUM VITAE
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Kraepelinstraße 10 80804 Munich Germany Phone: +49-89-30622-288 Fax:
Current Position: Head, Molecular Stress Physiology Group, MPI of Psychiatry EDUCATION
1987-1989
Student at the Rheinische Hochschule für Musik Köln (Cologne University of Music), instrumental music performance, piano
1989-1995
Medical Degree (german state examination)
Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn (Prof. Dr. O.D. Wiestler)
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AND EMPLOYMENT 1/96-7/96
Junior research scientist, Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Dep. of Neuropathology, University of Bonn (Prof. Dr. O.D. Wiestler)
since 7/96
Fellowship at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Resident in Psychiatry (full-time clinical work)
4/97 - 6/97
Visiting scientist at the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam (Prof. Dr. D. F. Swaab)
7/97-3/99
Resident in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich
4/99-5/2001
Full-time preclinical research in the Molecular Neurogenetics Group (Prof. W. Wurst), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
06/01-05/03
Resident in Psychiatry and Neurology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich
06/03-12/03
Full-time preclinical research in the Molecular Neurogenetics Group (Prof. W. Wurst), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
Speciality board: Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Facharzt)
since 01/04
Group leader of the „Molecular Stress Physiology“ research group at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
02/04-11/06
Assistant Medical Director (open psychiatric ward)
since 08/04
W2-Professorship award for outstanding women in science from the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Sciences
Habilitation at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich (postdoctoral lecture qualification in psychiatry to qualify for professor positions in Germany)
CLINICAL FOCUS
Treatment-resistant depression Anxiety disorders FELLOWSHIPS AND HONORS
1990-1995
Fellow of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (German National Academic Foundation)
7/97-7/99
Fellowship from the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science
Poster Award, 13th Congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Robert-Sauer Award (Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities)
GRANTS
01/2000 – 2004
BMBF Federal Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology. Member MedNet “Depression and Suicidality”
Bayerischer Habilitations-Förderpreis (thesis award and 3-years research grant for obtaining a postdoctoral degree to qualify for professor positions in Germany; total: 150.000 € )
02/2008-04/2011
European Union /Seventh Framework Program: Collaborative grant Synaptic mechanisms of memory loss: novel cell adhesion molecules as therapeutic targets
Work package leader and Principle Investigator
PUBLICATIONS
Overall, I have published more than 70 scientific papers in international peer-reviewed
scientific journals. The average citation rate per publication is 35.2 and the Hirsch index is 27
(Web of knowledge, search for author Müller MB* OR Mueller MB* OR Muller MB*).
Schmidt MV, Schülke J-P, Liebl C, Stiess M, Avrabos C, Bock J, Wochnik GM, Davies HA, Zimmermann N, Scharf SH, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Zieglgänsberger W, Turck C, Holsboer F, Stewart MG, Bradke F, Eder M, Müller MB*, Rein T* (2011). The tumor suppressor DRR1 is a stress-induced actin bundling factor that modulates synaptic efficacy and cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (in press) *shared last authorship Scharf SH, Liebl C, Binder EB, Schmidt MV, Müller MB (2011). Expression and regulation of the fkbp5 gene in the adult mouse brain. PLoS One
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016883 Hartmann J, Wagner KV, Liebl C, Scharf SH, Wang XD, Wolf M, Hausch F, Rein T, Schmidt U, Touma C, Cheung-Flynn J, Cox MB, Smith DF, Holsboer F, Müller MB, Schmidt MV (2011). The involvement of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) in the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of chronic social defeat stress. Neuropharmacology Wagner KV, Wang XD, Liebl C, Scharf SH, Müller MB, Schmidt MV (2011). Pituitary glucocorticoid receptor deletion reduces vulnerability to chronic stress Psychoneuroendocrinology 36: 579-587 Kohli, MA, Lucae S, Sämann PG, Schmidt MV, Demirkan A, Hek K, Roeske D, Alexander M, Salyakina D, Ripke S, Höhn D, Specht M, Menke A, Hennings J, Heck A, Wolf C, Ising M, Schreiber S, Czisch M, Müller MB, Uhr M, Bettecken T, Beckers A, Schramm J, Rietschel M, Maier W, Bradley B, Ressler KJ, Nöthen MM, Cichon S, Craig IW, Breen G, Lewis CM, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, van Duijn CM, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B, Binder EB (2011). The neuronal transporter gene SLC6A15 confers risk to major depression. Neuron 70: 252-265 Wang XD, Chen Y, Wolf M, Wagner KV, Liebl C, Scharf SH, Harbich D, Mayer B, Wurst W, Holsboer F, Deussing JM, Baram TZ, Müller MB, and Schmidt MV (2011). Forebrain CRHR1 Deficiency Attenuates Chronic Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits and Dendritic Remodeling. Neurobiology of Disease 42: 300-310
Wang XD, Rammes G, Kraev I, Wolf M, Liebl C,, Scharf SH, Rice C, Wurst W, Holsboer F, Deussing J, Baram TZ, Stewart M, Müller MB, Schmidt MV (2011). Forebrain CRF1 modulates early life stress-programmed cognitive deficits. The Journal of Neuroscience (in press) Schmidt MV, Trümbach D, Weber P, Wagner K, Scharf SH, Liebl C, Datson N, Namendorf C, Gerlach T, Kühne C, Uhr M, Deussing JM, Wurst W, Binder EB, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2010). Individual stress vulnerability is predicted by short-term memory and AMPA receptor subunit ratio in the hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience 30:16949-16958
Schmidt MV, Scharf SH, Liebl C, Harbich D, Mayer B, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2010). A novel chronic stress paradigm in female mice. Hormones and Behavior 57(4-5):415-20 Schmidt MV, Scharf SH, Sterlemann V, Ganea K, Liebl C, Holsboer F and Müller MB (2010) High susceptibility to chronic social stress is associated with a depression-like phenotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35 :635-43
Sterlemann V, Rammes G, Liebl C, Ganea K, Müller MB* and Schmidt MV* (2010). Cognitive impairment in aged mice following chronic social stress during adolescence; Hippocampus 20(4):540-9 *shared last authorship Thöringer CK, Erhardt A, SIllaber I, Müller MB, Ohl F, Holsboer F, Keck ME (2010). Long-term anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavioural effects of tiagabine, a selective GABA transporter-1 (GAT-1) inhibitor, coincide with a decrease in HPA system activity in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Psychopharmacology 24: 733-743 Schmidt MV, Sterlemann V, Wagner K, Niederleitner B, Ganea K, Liebl C, Deussing JM, Berger S, Schütz G, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2009). Postnatal glucocorticoid excess due to pituitary glucocorticoid receptor deficiency: differential short- and long-term consequences. Endocrinology 150: 2709-2716 Schmidt MV, Czisch M, Sterlemann V, Reinel C, Sämann P, Müller MB (2009). Chronic social stress during adolescence in mice alters fat distribution in late life: Prevention by antidepressant treatment. Stress 12: 89-94 Greetfeld M , Schmidt MV, Ganea K, Sterlemann V, Liebl C, Müller MB (2009). A single episode of restraint stress regulates central corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor expression and binding in specific areas of the mouse brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 21: 473-480 Liebl C, Panhuysen M, Pütz B, Trümbach D, Wurst W, Deussing JM, Schmidt MV and Müller MB (2009).Gene expression profiling following maternal deprivation: involvement of the brain renin-angiotensin system.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 2009; published online, DOI: 10.3389/neuro.02.001.2009 Erhardt A, Müller MB, Rödel A, Welt T, Ohl F, Holsboer F, Keck ME (2009). Consequences of chronic social stress on behaviour and vasopressin gene expression in the PVN of DBA/2OlaHsd mice – influence of treatment with the CRHR1-receptor antagonist R121919/NBI 30775. Journal of Psychopharmacology 23, 31-39 Sterlemann V, Ganea K, Liebl C, Harbich D, Alam S, Holsboer F, , Schmidt MV, Müller MB (2008). Long-term behavioural and neuroendocrine alterations following chronic social stress in mice: implications for stress-related disorders. Hormones and Behavior 53: 386-394 Keck ME, Kern N, Erhardt A, Unschuld PG, Ising M, Salyakina D, Müller MB, Knorr CC, Lieb R, Hohoff C, Krakowitzky P, Maier W, Bandelow B, Fritze J, Deckert J, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B, Binder EB (2008). Combined effects of exonic polymorphisms in CRHR1 and AVPR1B genes in a case/control study for panic disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B; 147B: 1196-1204.
Schmidt MV, Liebl C, Sterlemann V, Ganea K, Hartmann J, Harbich D, Alam S, Müller MB (2008) Neuropeptide Y mediates the initial hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal response to maternal separation in the neonatal mouse. Journal of Endocrinology 197: 421-427 Schmidt MV, Oitzl MS, Steenbergen P, Lachize S, Wurst W, Müller MB, de Kloet ER and Meijer OC (2007) Ontogeny of steroid receptor coactivators in the hippocampus and their role in regulating postnatal HPA axis function.Brain Research 1174: 1-6 Thöringer CK, Sillaber I, Rödel A, Erhardt A, Müller MB, Ohl F, Holsboer F, Keck ME (2007). Temporal dynamics of intrahippocampal corticosterone in response to stress-related stimuli with different emotional and physical load: an in vivo microdialysis study in C57/BL6 and DBA/2 inbred mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32: 746-757 Thöringer CK, Binder EB, Salyakina D, Erhardt A, Ising M, Unschuld PG, Kern N, Lucae S, Brückl TM, Müller MB, Fuchs B, Pütz B, Lieb R, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B, Keck ME (2007). Association of a Met88Val diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) gene polymorphism and anxiety disorders with panic attacks. Journal of Psychiatric Research 41: 579-584 Ganea K, Liebl C, Sterlemann V, Müller MB, Schmidt MV (2007). Pharmacological validation of a novel home cage activity counter in mice. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 162: 180-186 Schmidt MV, Sterlemann V, Ganea K, Alam S, Harbich D, Greetfeld M, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2007). Persistent neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of a novel, etiologically relevant mouse paradigm for chronic social stress during adolescence Psychoneuroendocrinology32: 417-429 Müller MBand Holsboer F (2006). Mice with mutations in the HPA-System as models for symptoms of depression.Biological Psychiatry 59: 1104-1115 Lucassen PJ, Heine VM, Müller MB, van der Beek EM, Wiegant VM, de Kloet ER, Joels M, Fuchs E, Swaab DF, Czeh B (2006). Stress, depression and hippocampal apoptosis. CNS & Neurological Disorders – Drug Targets 5: 531-546 Schmidt MV and Müller MB (2006). Animal models of anxiety. Drug discovery today. Disease Models 3: 369-374 Ngyen, NK, Keck ME, Hetzenauser, Thöringer CK, Wurst W, Deussing JM, Holsboer F, Müller MB, Singewald N (2006). Conditional CRF receptor knockout mice show altered neuronal activation pattern to mild anxiogenic challenge. Pysychopharmacology 188: 374-385 Schmidt MV, Levine S, Alam S, Harbich D, Sterlemann V, Ganea K, de Kloet ER, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2006). Metabolic signals modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation during maternal separation of the neonatal mouse. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 18: 865- 874 Schmidt MV, Deussing JM, Oitzl MS, Ohl F, Levine S, Wurst W, Holsboer F, Müller MB, de Kloet ER (2006). Differential disinhibition of the neonatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in brain specific CRH receptor 1 knockout mice. European Journal of Neuroscience 24: 2291- 2298
Welt T, Engelmann M, Renner U, Erhardt A, Müller MB, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Keck ME (2006). Temazepam triggers the release of vasopressin into the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: novel insights into benzodiazepine action on hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical system activity during stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2573-2579 Refojo D, Echenique C, Müller MB, Reul JMHM, Deussing JM, Wurst W, Sillaber I, Paez- Pereda M, Holsboer F, Arzt E (2005). CRH activates ERK1/2 MAPK in specific brain areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102: 6183-6188 Keck ME, Ohl F, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2005). Listening to mutant mice: a spotlight on the role of CRH/CRH receptor systems in affective disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 29: 867-889 Schmidt M, Levine S, Oitzl MS, van der Mark M, Müller MB, Holsboer F, de Kloet ER (2005). Glucocorticoid receptor blockade disinhibits pituitary-adrenal activity during the stress hypo- responsive period of the mouse: role of maternal signals. Endocrinology 146: 1458-1464 Keck ME, Sartori SB, Welt T, Müller MB, Ohl F, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Singewald N (2005). Differences in serotonergic neurotransmission between rats displaying high or low anxiety/depression-like behavior: effects of chronic paroxetine treatment. Journal of Neurochemistry 92: 1170-1179 Erhardt A, Sillaber I, Welt T, Müller MB, Singewald N, Keck ME (2004). Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Increases the Release of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell of Morphine-Sensitized Rats During Abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 2074 – 2080 Müller MB and Wurst W (2004). Getting closer to affective disorders: the role of CRH receptor systems. Trends in Molecular Medicine 10: 409-415 Keck ME, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2004). Mouse mutants for the study of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor function: Development of novel treatment strategies for mood disorders Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1018: 445-457 Müller MB, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Keck ME (2004). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system and mood disorders: highlights from mutant mice. Neuroendocrinology 79: 2-13 Keck ME, Müller MB, Binder EB, Sonntag A, Holsboer (2004). Ziprasidone-related tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry 161: 175-176 Müller MB, Zimmermann S, Sillaber I, Hagemeyer TP, Timpl P, Kormann MSD, Droste S, Deussing JM, Kühn R, Reul JMHM, Holsboer F, Wurst W (2003). Limbic corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 mediates anxiety-related behavior and hormonal adaptation to stress. Nature Neuroscience 6: 1100-1107 Müller MB, Keck ME, Binder EB, Kresse AE, Hagemeyer TP, Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Uhr M (2003). ABCB1 (MDR1)-type P-glycoproteins at the blood-brain barrier modulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system: implications for affective disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 1991-1999
Keck ME, Welt T, Müller MB, Landgraf R, Holsboer F (2003). The high-affinity non-peptide CRH1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates stress-induced alterations in plasma oxytocin, prolactin and testosterone secretion. Pharmacopsychiatry 36: 27-31 Keck ME, Welt T, Erhardt A, Müller MB, Sillaber I (2003). Neuroendocrinological changes induced by transcranical magnetic stimulation (rTMS) – a focus on dopamine and vasopressin. Nervenheilkunde 22: 346-349 Keck ME, Welt T, Müller MB, Uhr M, Ohl F, Wigger A, Toschi N, Holsboer F, Landgraf R (2003). Reduction of hypothalamic vasopressinergic hyperdrive contributes to clinically relevant behavioral effects of chronic paroxetine treatment in a psychopathological rat model. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 235-243 Schmidt M, Oitzl MS, Müller MB, Ohl F, Wurst W, Holsboer F, Levine S, de Kloet ER (2003). Regulation of the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in CRH receptor 1 deficient mice. Neuroscience 119: 589-595 Droste SK, Gesing A, Ulbricht S, Müller MB, Linthorst ACE, Reul JMHM (2003). Effects of long- term voluntary exercise on the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocrinology 144: 3012-3023 Keck ME, Wigger A, Welt T, Müller MB, Gesing A, Reul JMHM, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Neumann ID (2002). Vasopressin mediates the response of the combined dexamethasone/CRH test in hyper-anxious rats: implications for pathogenesis of affective disorders. Neurospychopharmacology 26: 94-105 Müller MB und Keck ME (2002) Genetically engineered mice for studies of stress-related clinical conditions. Journal of Psychiatric Research 36: 53-76 Müller MB, Holsboer F, Keck ME (2002). Genetic modification of corticosteroid receptor signalling: novel insights into pathophysiology and treatment strategies of human affective disorders.Neuropeptides 36: 117-131 Czéh B, Welt T, Fischer A, Erhardt A, Schmitt W, Müller MB, Toschi N, Fuchs E, Keck ME (2002). Chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects on stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Biological Psychiatry 52: 1057-1065 Uhr M, Holsboer F, Müller MB (2002). Penetration of endogenous steroid hormones corticosterone, cortisol, aldosterone and progesterone into the brain is enhanced in mice deficient for both mdr1a and mdr1b P-glycoproteins. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002; 14: 753-759 Keck ME, Erhard A, Müller MB, Erhardt A, Ohl F, Toschi N, Holsboer F, Sillaber I (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic and neostriatal system. Neuropharmacology 43: 101-109 Müller MB, Preil J, Renner U, Zimmermann S, Kresse AE, Stalla GK, Keck ME, Holsboer F, Wurst W (2001). Expression of CRHR1 and CRHR2 in mouse pituitary and adrenal gland: implications for HPA system regulation. Endocrinology 142: 4150-5153 Müller MB, Lucassen P, Yassouridis A, Hoogendijk WGJ, Holsboer F, Swaab DF (2001). Neither major depression nor glucocorticoid treatment affects the cellular integrity of the human hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience 14: 1603-1612 Preil J#, Müller MB#, Gesing A, Reul JMHM, Sillaber I, van Gaalen M, Landgrebe J, Stenzel- Poore M, Holsboer F, Wurst W (2001). Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in mice deficient for CRH receptors 1 and 2. Endocrinology 142: 4946-4955 (# shared first authorship) Lucassen PJ, Müller MB, Holsboer F, Bauer J, Holtrop A, Wouda A, de Kloet ER, Swaab DF (2001). Hippocampal apoptosis in major depression is a minor event and absent from subareas of risk for glucocorticoid exposure. American Journal of Pathology 158: 453-468 Keck ME, Welt T, Post A, Müller MB, Toschi N, Wigger A, Landgraf R, Holsboer F, Engelmann M (2001). Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a psychopathological animal model are suggestive of antidepressant-like effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 24: 337-349 Müller MB, Landgraf R, Keck ME (2000). Vasopressin, major depression and hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenocortical desensitization. Biological Psychiatry 48: 330-333 Müller MB, Toschi N, Kresse A, Post, A, Keck ME (2000). Long-term repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cholecystokinin mRNA, but not neuropeptide tyrosine mRNA in specific areas of rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 23: 205-215 Müller MB, Landgraf R, Preil J, Zimmermann S, Sillaber I, Kresse AE, Keck ME, Holsboer F, Wurst W (2000). Selective activation of the hypothalamic vasopressinergic system in mice deficient for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 is dependent on glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 141: 4262-4269 Müller MB, Keck ME, Zimmermann, S, Holsboer F, Wurst W (2000). Disruption of feeding behavior in CRH receptor 1-deficient mice is dependent on glucocorticoids. NeuroReport 11: 1963-1966 Chen Y, Brunson K, Müller MB, Cariaga W, Baram TZ (2000). Immunocytochemical distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone type-1 (CRF1)-like immunoreactivity in the mouse brain: light microscopy analysis using an antibody directed against the C-terminus. Journal of Comparative Neurolog 420: 305-323 Keck ME, Engelmann M, Müller MB, Henniger MSH, Toschi N, Hermann B, Rupprecht R, Neumann ID, Landgraf R, Post A (2000). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces active coping strategies and attenuates the neuroendocrine stress response in rats. Journal of Psychiatric Research 34: 265-276 Müller MB, Schmidt M, Hayashi Y, Rollbrocker B, Waha A, Fimmers R, Volk B, Warnke P, Ostertag CB, Wiestler OD, von Deimling A (1999). Molecular genetic analysis as a tool for evaluating stereotactic biopsies of glioma specimens. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 58: 40-44
Post A, Müller MB, Engelmann M, Keck ME (1999). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats – evidence for a neuroprotective effect in vitro and in vivo. European Journal of Neuroscience 11: 3247-3254 Ströhle A, Müller MB, Rupprecht R (1998). Marijuana precipitation of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 96: 254-255 Wolf HK, Wellmer J, Müller MB, Wiestler OD, Hufnagel A, Pietsch T (1995). Glioneuronal malformative lesions and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors in patients with chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 54: 245-254 Wolf HK, Müller MB, Spänle M, Zentner J, Schramm J, Wiestler OD (1994). Ganglioglioma: A detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 61 cases. Acta Neuropathologica 88: 166-173
Wolf HK, Spänle M, Müller MB, Elger CE, Schramm J, Wiestler OD (1994). Hippocampal loss of the GABA-A receptor 1 subunit in patients with chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Acta Neuropathologica 88: 313-321
Kolatch korr. Fass. 20.10. 24.09.2008 20:08 Uhr Seite 3 JÜDISCHE WELT VERSTEHEN Kolatch korr. Fass. 20.10. 24.09.2008 20:08 Uhr Seite 5Kolatch korr. Fass. 20.10. 24.09.2008 20:08 Uhr Seite 20 Die ersten Lebensjahre Einführung Das Judentum ist mehr als eine Religion, es ist eine Lebenswei-se. Über Jahrhunderte hin hat es Verhaltensregeln geschaffen,die größtenteils im Schulchan A
Foreign & Colonial Investment Portfolio Ranked by Value for: 30/06/13 Security Name Market Value Total Top 10 399,881,890 Total Top 20 616,757,266 Total Top 30 761,852,551 Total Top 40 885,297,971 Total Top 50 994,046,581 Total Top 60 1,091,599,397 Total Top 70 1,181,169,504 Total Top 80 1,264,462,400 Total Top 90 1,343,332,37